Choose from 645 Fun Things to Do in Italy
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Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore
There are many churches in Rome - and throughout the world - dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The largest one is the Basilica Papale (or Papal Basilica) of Santa Maria Maggiore near the Termini Train Station in central Rome.
As you might guess from the name, Santa Maria Maggiore is technically part of the Vatican - just as a foreign embassy might be. As part of Vatican City, the Basilica is also part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes all extraterritorial properties of the Holy See in Rome.
Although the Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore has been expanded upon and redecorated over the centuries, it was originally built in the mid-5th century and much of the original structure is still in place. In the years after the papacy was moved back to Rome from Avignon, part of the church was used as the papal residence until renovations to the Vatican Palace was completed.
Some of the highlights of a visit to the basilica are its 5th century mosaics, a reliquary said to contain a piece of the crib that once held the baby Jesus, an ancient icon of the Virgin Mary, the tomb of Saint Jerome, and the tomb of the artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. There is a Sistine Chapel in the Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore, named for Pope Sixtus V (the one in Vatican City is named for Pope Sixtus IV).
As you might guess from the name, Santa Maria Maggiore is technically part of the Vatican - just as a foreign embassy might be. As part of Vatican City, the Basilica is also part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes all extraterritorial properties of the Holy See in Rome.
Although the Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore has been expanded upon and redecorated over the centuries, it was originally built in the mid-5th century and much of the original structure is still in place. In the years after the papacy was moved back to Rome from Avignon, part of the church was used as the papal residence until renovations to the Vatican Palace was completed.
Some of the highlights of a visit to the basilica are its 5th century mosaics, a reliquary said to contain a piece of the crib that once held the baby Jesus, an ancient icon of the Virgin Mary, the tomb of Saint Jerome, and the tomb of the artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. There is a Sistine Chapel in the Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore, named for Pope Sixtus V (the one in Vatican City is named for Pope Sixtus IV).
Address: Piazza di S. Maria Maggiore, 42, Rome, Province of Rome 00100, Italy
Hours: Museum is open Daily 9:30am - 6:30pm.
From $ 21
Boboli Gardens
Pass through the arched entrance of Florence’s stately Pitti Palace and into the serenity of the sweeping Boboli Gardens, once the private playground of this Renaissance capital’s ruling Medici family. Dating from the 16th century, the Giardino di Boboli is among the earliest examples of formal Italian gardens, commissioned for the wife of Cosimo I de Medici in 1540. The gardens were expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries, and now cover 11 acres (4.4 hectares) of hillside and include a collection of outdoor sculptures dating from ancient Rome through the 17th century, making it a veritable open-air museum.
The Basics
The Boboli Gardens are among Italy’s most famous gardens, and a popular attraction in central Florence as they offer a respite from the crowded city streets. Visitors can stroll along tree-lined paths on a private tour—or, for those traveling with kids, a family-friendly garden tour—to admire the expanses of manicured lawns, Renaissance fountains, classical grottos, nymphaea, temples, and an amphitheater with an Egyptian obelisk at its center. Tickets to the Boboli Gardens include entrance to the Porcelain Museum, inside the garden’s 18th-century Palazzina del Cavaliere, and the neighboring Bardini Gardens. Admission is free on the first Sunday of each month.
Things to Know Before You Go
- A visit to the Boboli Gardens is perfect for kids who need to let off a bit of steam, but stay on the walking paths as some sections of lawn are off limits.
- The gardens can be toured only on foot, so be sure to wear comfortable shoes and a sun hat.
- You may bring food and drink into the gardens for an impromptu picnic on one of the many outdoor benches.
- There are four entrances to the Gardens: Pitti Palace, Annalena (Via Romana 37/A), Porta Romana, and Forte Belvedere.
How to Get There
The Boboli Gardens are located between Palazzo Pitti and Porta Romana in Florence’s central Oltrarno neighborhood. The main entrance on Piazza de’ Pitti can be reached in 30 minutes on foot or 15 minutes by bus from the Santa Maria Novella train station. Florence is a popular destination for shore excursions from the port city of Livorno.
When to Get There
The gardens are best visited from spring through fall, when the weather is mild, and early in the morning or late in the afternoon during the hottest months of the year.
Important Works in the Boboli Gardens
The Boboli Gardens hold an important collection of Renaissance statues and fountains. Notable works include “Bathing Venus” and “Fountain of the Ocean” sculpted by Giambologna, a copy of “The Prisoners” by Michelangelo, and a number of pieces by Buontalenti.
Address: Piazza Pitti, 1, Florence, Tuscany 50125, Italy
Hours: Open daily from 8:15am to 4:30pm (Nov-Feb), to 5:30pm (March), to 6:30pm (April-May, Sept-Oct) and to 7:30pm (June-August)
Admission: Full Price: 7 euros; Reduced: 3.50 euros
From $ 22
Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem
One of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome, the Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem houses several relics from the Holy Land brought to Rome around 325 AD. The relics are said to be parts of the cross from the Passion of Jesus Christ — carried from Jerusalem by the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I, the St. Empress Helena. The church name comes from the Jerusalem soil that was laid on the floor of the basilica, as a way of moving part of the holy city to Rome. Though it was once the Palazzo Sessoriano, the palace of the St. Empress Helena, it was later converted into a small chapel.
It has since been renovated and restored over the centuries to its Baroque style facade that exists now. Today visitors can see three relics enshrined: pieces of the True Cross, a nail from the crucifixion, thorns from the crown, and small pieces of the tomb of Jesus and the Holy Sepulchre. There is also a full size replica of the Shrine of Turin.
Practical Info
The basilica is a short walk from San Giovanni in Laterano. It is free to enter.
Address: Piazza di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome 00185, Italy
From $ 41
Basilica di Sant'Agostino
Located near Piazza Navona, the 15th-century Basilica di Sant’Agostino is home to the Cavalletti Chapel, where visitors flock to view Caravaggio’s Baroque masterpiece, La Madonna di Loreto, along with The Prophet Isaiah by Raphael, La Madonna del Parto statue by Sansovino, and the sumptuous high altar by Bernini.
The Basics
Although the church is dedicated to Saint Augustine, it’s actually the saint’s mother—Saint Monica—who is entombed there, but the Basilica of St. Augustine's main attraction is by far the rich art inside. You can visit the church by joining a walking tour of Rome's Baroque masterpieces that includes the art in this basilica as well as in other Roman churches by Caravaggio, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Bernini.
Things to Know Before You Go
- When visiting Catholic churches in Rome, you must wear clothing that covers your shoulders and knees.
- Walking tours require some time on your feet, so choose comfortable shoes.
- The church isn’t wheelchair- or stroller-accessible; there are stairs at the entrance.
- Flash photography is not allowed inside the church.
How to Get There
The Basilica di Sant'Agostino (also known as Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio) is located on Piazza di Sant'Agostino in the heart of Rome's historic center, just off Piazza Navona.
When to Get There
Rome's most famous churches can be crowded in summer, so visit first thing in the morning or late in the afternoon to be able to enjoy the art in relative peace. The church is usually closed in August.
Sansovino's Miraculous Madonna
It is said that Jacopo Sansovino's La Madonna del Parto was originally a Roman statue of the Empress Agrippina holding her infant son Nero, which Sansovino reworked into a Christian rendering of the Madonna and child centuries later. The statue is said to have miraculous fertility powers, so it is usually surrounded by offerings from women who believe it interceded on their behalf.
Address: Piazza di Sant’Agostino 80, Rome, Puglia, Italy
From $ 52
Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra)
The Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra) is one of the most famous attractions on the beautiful island of Capri, located in Italy’s Bay of Naples. This unique sea cave gets its name from the bright blue light filtering through the water by way of an opening below sea level. To enter the cave, visitors board a small rowboat and duck as they enter through a low opening. Once inside the cave, you’ll marvel at the glowing turquoise light.
The Basics
A visit to the Blue Grotto is a must for visitors on a day trip or shore excursion from the Amalfi Coast, Naples, or Sorrento. You can reach the cave by water or land, but to enter the cave, you must board an official rowboat. Due to the high number of visitors, wait times can stretch for hours, though passengers of private boat tours are often given precedence. Book your boat transfer to and from the Blue Grotto in advance to avoid long lines, or reserve a private tour with a boat ride around Capri and the Faraglioni rock formations.
Things to Know Before You Go
- At the cave entrance, you must purchase a ticket from the floating ticket office and board a rowboat to enter. This is included in most boat tours.
- Due to the low cave entrance, the Blue Grotto is only open when weather conditions permit.
- You’ll have to wait to enter the cave aboard small, open-air rowboats, so bring a hat and sunblock.
- The journey to the Blue Grotto is not recommended for those who suffer from seasickness.
- Once inside the cave, many rowboat skippers will treat you to a serenade for a small tip.
How to Get to the Blue Grotto
You can reach the Blue Grotto by sea from the Marina Grande port or by land from the town of Anacapri.
When to Get There
The cave is most crowded in summer and during the midday hours, so plan to visit first thing in the morning to avoid a long wait to enter. Note that the Blue Grotto is open only when sea conditions permit, so when the waters are rough or there are high winds, the cave may close with no advance warning.
Capri by Land
The Blue Grotto can only be visited by sea, but the island of Capri has a number of attractions on land, as well. Take an island tour of Villa San Michele, with its sweeping views over the Mediterranean, the lush Gardens of Augustus, and the 14th-century Charterhouse of San Giacomo.
Address: Anacapri, Capri, Italy
From $ 25
Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano (Basilica di San Clemente al Laterano)
Rome’s Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano offers wonders both above and below ground. The interior of the 12th-century church is richly decorated with Byzantine mosaics considered among Italy’s best, and below the surface are two layers of ancient ruins including a fourth-century basilica, a temple, and a first-century villa.
The Basics
When visiting the Basilica of San Clemente, you can admire the present-day church—home to spectacular mosaics and the tombs of St. Clement and St. Cyril—before heading underground to tour the excavations below. Here, you’ll find well-preserved frescoes, a pagan temple dedicated to Mithras, and the remains of a Roman house.
There are thousands of years of history to take in at the Basilica of San Clemente, so the best way to visit is by joining a private guided tour of the church and underground excavation sites with skip-the-line entry. Many tours of San Clemente also visit the Capuchin Crypt and accompanying museum.
Things to Know Before You Go
- The Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano is ideal for history buffs.
- Book a skip-the-line tour to avoid long waits, especially in the summer months.
- San Clemente is a Catholic church—modest clothing, covering shoulders and knees, and a respectful decorum are required.
- Photography is not allowed inside the basilica.
- The excavations beneath San Clemente are not accessible to wheelchairs or strollers.
How to Get There
The Basilica of San Clemente al Laterano is located on Piazza San Clemente near the Colosseum. Take metro line B from the Termini train station to the Colosseo stop.
When to Get There
The church and underground excavations are open daily year-round; check the website for hours and mass times. The site is a cool reprieve from the summer heat, yet can be very crowded during this time.
San Clemente History
San Clemente was built on top of an older basilica dating from the fourth century, which in turn was built on the remains of a villa owned by a wealthy Roman, probably destroyed by the great fire in AD 64.
Address: Piazza San Clemente, Rome, Italy
Admission: Varies
From $ 29
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
The Romanesque Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio (Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio) is dedicated to Milan's patron saint, St. Ambrose, who founded the church in the fourth century while bishop of Milan. The saint’s remains lay beneath the stunning ninth-century Golden Altar, a masterpiece of gold, gilded silver, precious stones, and enamel. The basilica’s unique architecture makes it a must-see.
The Basics
The Basilica of Saint Ambrogio is among Milan's most important churches, along with the soaring Duomo and Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, home to Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper. Many Milan city tours include a visit to all three along with other attractions like the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Pinacoteca di Brera, Sforza Castle, and Navigli canal district. A hop-on hop-off bus tour, Milan Segway tour, and bicycle-powered rickshaw tour are fun and convenient ways to see Milan's attractions in one day.
Things to Know Before You Go
- The basilica was heavily bombed during World War II and has been extensively restored.
- The Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio is a place of worship, so attire covering shoulders and knees is recommended.
- The church is accessible to wheelchairs.
How to Get There
Milan (Milano) is the capital of Lombardy and one of the most important cities in northern Italy. It is well-connected by train to Florence, Rome, and Venice for an easy day trip, and the Basilica is located in the central Piazza Sant'Ambrogio, a short stroll west from the Duomo and served by the Sant'Ambrogio metro stop on the green line.
When to Get There
The basilica is open daily from 10am to 12pm and again from 2:30 to 6pm; on Sundays, it is closed to visitors in the morning.
Basilica of Sant’ Ambrogio Architecture
One of Milan's oldest churches, Sant’Ambrogio has undergone a number of renovations and embraces an eclectic mix of architectural styles. Partially rebuilt in the 11th century, the basilica has a squat Lombard facade and an atrium lined by two loggias with arches leading to the entrance; intricate Byzantine reliefs decorate the loggia capitals. Interior highlights include the apse mosaic of Christ, the paleo-Christian San Vittore in Ciel d'Oro chapel, and a number of carved pulpits and tombs, including the final resting place of Emperor Louis II. The church's entrance is flanked by two bell towers of differing heights that date from when two monastic orders were housed in the basilica, one in the northern cloister and another in the southern cloister.
Address: Piazza Sant'Ambrogio 15, Milan 20123, Italy
Hours: Varies
Admission: Free. Museum admission: € 2
From $ 25
Bologna Piazza Maggiore
Bologna’s beating heart is Piazza Maggiore, in the city’s old center. A classic example of Renaissance town planning, it is one of the most graceful public squares in Italy.
The pedestrianised square is surrounded by the Basilica di San Petronio, the Palazzo Communale (city hall), palatial public buildings and Bologna’s trademark covered walkways ringed by arches.
Sit at an outdoor cafe to enjoy people watching in the sunshine during the day, and visit in the early evening to see the beautifully floodlit Fountain of Neptune, sculpted in 1566.
Practical Info
To get here from the station, take a stroll south down Via dell'Indipendenza.
Address: Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
Admission: Free
From $ 17
Baths of the Queen Giovanna (Bagni della Regina Giovanna)
One of the most remote and beautiful beaches on Italy's Sorrento coast, the Baths of the Queen Giovanna (Bagni della Regina Giovanna) is set along the rocky cliffs of Capo di Sorrento near a dramatic natural stone arch and the ancient ruins of a Roman villa. This stretch of coastline and its natural pool are accessible only by foot or private boat.
The Basics
Located on the Roman ruins of the 1st-century Villa Pollio Felice, the Baths of the Queen Giovanna is a unique area to swim and explore. Its hard-to-reach location guarantees a quiet respite from the crowds in Sorrento, making it the perfect escape for adult travelers seeking kid-free shores and beachcombers who prefer to share their sun with only a handful of others. You can take the footpath from the coastal road to the water's edge, or join a small-group or private boat tour from Sorrento, the island of Capri, and other spots on the the Amalfi Coast.
Things to Know Before You Go
- Due to the rocky terrain, the Bagni della Regina Giovanna isn’t recommended for children or anyone who has limited mobility.
- There are no facilities in the area, so bring snacks, water, and swimming gear.
- The popular (and more accessible) La Solara beach is a short hike away, complete with a beach club.
How to Get There
The beach can be reached by following Via Capo to the small parking area and proceeding on foot for about 15 minutes from there. Otherwise, boat tours depart from a number of towns along the coast, as well as Capri.
When to Get There
The Sorrento peninsula gets very crowded in summer (June to September), so the best time to visit is spring and fall for mild weather and limited crowds.
Who Was Queen Joan?
This stretch of coastline is said to have been a favorite retreat of Giovanna D'Anjou, queen of Naples in the 14th century. The ruler once used this remote cliffside to bathe in privacy with her young lovers, and the spot still carries her name.
Address: Sorrento, Italy
From $ 75
Bay of Naples
One of the most important gulfs in southern Italy, the Bay of Naples is home to the vibrant city of Naples, the resort town of Sorrento, and the lovely islands of Capri, Ischia, and Procida. Mount Vesuvius looms over the coastline, a dramatic reminder that ruins of the ancient Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum are also located here.
The Basics
South of Naples and north of the Sorrentine Peninsula, “the Bay of Naples” refers to both this gulf in the Mediterranean Sea and its coastline area. The bay has been attracting Europe’s writers and artists since the 18th century, drawn by the stunning views and Roman ruins. By far the best way to explore is by sea, so consider joining a private boat trip or small-group cruise from Naples or Sorrento to bay highlights like the Island of Capri, beloved by Roman emperors like Tiberius and known for its famous Blue Grotto, and Sorrento, the main town on the Sorrentine Peninsula with its bustling Piazza Tasso and Corso Italia. By land, you can opt for a sightseeing tour of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum (Ercolano), touring these archaeological UNESCO World Heritage Sites with a local guide; a sightseeing tour of Naples and its world-class archaeological museum; or a driving tour along the coastline to the nearby Amalfi Coast.
Things to Know Before You Go
- Boat trips are fun for adults and kids, so the Bay of Naples is perfect for a family-friendly tour.
- The Bay of Naples has some of the most breathtaking scenery in Italy, so be sure to bring your camera.
- Wear a hat and sunblock for both land and sea tours; if taking a boat tour, bring your swimsuit, as many private trips include stops for swimming.
- Many boats are not accessible to wheelchairs, so check before booking a boat tour.
How to Get There
The Bay of Naples is located along the coast of Italy’s southern Campania region, which can be reached by air or train from Rome or Naples.
When to Get There
The waters in the Bay of Naples can be choppy from November to April, and boat trips and cruises are frequently cancelled. It’s wiser to book a boat tour during the summer months, when the weather is mild.
The Amalfi Coast
Italy’s famous Amalfi Coast is located just to the south of the Bay of Naples, and popular driving tours from Naples and Sorrento on the Bay of Naples including highlights like Amalfi and its famous Duomo, the colorful houses of Positano, and Ravello’s famous scenic terraces over the Mediterranean Sea.
Address: Naples, Italy
From $ 31
Basilica di Sant'Antonino
The most important church in Sorrento, the Basilica di Sant’Antonino is dedicated to the town’s patron saint. Visit the church during a walking tour of the city to view the sumptuous interiors, St. Antonius’s crypt, and votive offerings of sailors who survived shipwrecks thanks to the intervention of this saint, the patron of rescues.
The Basics
The original Basilica di Sant’Antonino was built in the 11th century, but numerous changes have been made over the centuries, including the addition of a baroque interior and Renaissance facade and belltower.
The best way to visit the church and explore Sorrento’s other top attractions is by joining a small-group walking tour. Wander the picturesque lanes lined with artisan workshops and boutiques and visit the Basilica di Sant’Antonino as well as the Church of San Francesco, Corso Italia, and Piazza Tasso. Sorrento is also a popular day-trip destination from Naples and the Amalfi Coast.
Things to Know Before You Go
- Photography is permitted inside the Basilica di Sant’Antonino.
- Modest attire covering shoulders and knees is required to enter the church.
- Visiting the basilica and town requires a bit of walking, so wear comfortable shoes, a hat, and sunscreen.
- The basilica has a number of steps at the entrance and is not accessible to wheelchair users.
How to Get There
The Basilica di Sant’Antonino is located along the main street, Corso Italia, in the center of Sorrento. From Marina Piccola, you can either walk up the hill or take a local bus or taxi. The city's transport hub is Piazza Tasso, just a short walk from the basilica, where buses connect to the Amalfi Coast, Pompeii and Herculaneum, and Naples.
When to Get There
The Basilica di Sant’Antonino is particularly interesting to visit on February 14, when the town celebrates the saint’s feast day with religious services and processions. The church also offers a cool respite from southern Italy’s midday heat in the summer.
Legends of Sant’Antonino
Most statues of St. Antonius depict him standing on a sea creature, representing his rescue of a child who had been swallowed by a whale; the two whalebones displayed in the church are said to come from this very creature. Another legend says that the Archangel Michael appeared to Antonino and told him to build a church in Sorrento. In the 11th century, this ancient chapel was replaced with the current basilica, though St. Antonius’s crypt inside was rebuilt in the 18th century.
Address: Piazza Sant'Antonino, Sorrento, Campania 80067, Italy
From $ 57
Bigo
One of the most dominant features of Genoa's enormous port is something that looks a bit like a space probe sticking out of the water. That multi-pronged white structure that resembles a many-armed crane is called the “Bigo,” and it's Genoa's “panoramic elevator.”
Bigo was designed by noted local architect Renzo Piano, the same man who designed Genoa's aquarium, in 1992 for the anniversary of Columbus' journey to the New World. From one of the arms, an elevator cabin can be raised, and then it rotates 360 degrees to give you a complete view overlooking the city. An audio-guide in the elevator cabin helps you make sense of what you're seeing.
Not surprisingly, Bigo's design was influenced by the many huge cranes that seem to be always at work in Genoa's port, lifting goods on and off of the massive cargo ships in the harbor.
Practical Info
An adult ticket for the roughly 20-minute ride up and down is €4. Children ages 4-12 ride for €3, while children under 4 are free. Bigo's operating schedule varies quite a bit by month, although it opens at 10am Tuesday-Sunday from March-October, closing anywhere from 5pm to 11pm depending on the season, and on Mondays it's only open for a few hours in the afternoons. During the rest of the year, it's open on weekends and holidays starting at 10am.
Address: Porto Antico, Genoa, Italy
Admission: Adults: €4; Children: €3
From $ 17
Baths of Caracalla (Terme di Caracalla)
The Baths of Caracalla, known as the Thermae Antoninianae in Roman times, are one of the largest and best preserved ancient thermal complexes in the world. Visit the impressive remains of the ground floor to get an idea of the vast complex, which housed the most sumptuous baths of its time.
The Basics
Built in AD 212 during the reign of Emperor Caracalla, the 25-hectare complex included three different baths, two gyms, a swimming pool, and a library. Open to Romans from all social classes, the Terme di Caracalla was more a center for leisure than strictly baths, though the Aqua Marcia aqueduct (the longest in Rome) was specifically built to provide water for the vast bathing areas. The baths were in use until AD 537, when invaders destroyed the aqueducts that supplied water and plundered the sculptures and precious materials decorating the baths; in the year AD 847, an earthquake destroyed part of what remained of the complex.
Like many ancient Roman ruins, the Baths of Caracalla are difficult to interpret to the untrained eye, so it’s worth booking a guide as part of an archaeological tour. Many small-group tours of Rome’s most important ancient sites include skip-the-line entrance to the Baths of Caracalla, along with the Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Circus Maximus. You can tour these attractions on foot or join a bike or Segway tour.
Things to Know Before You Go
- The Baths of Caracalla is an outdoor archaeological site, so wear a hat, sunscreen, and comfortable shoes when visiting.
- Tours of the baths are especially fascinating for Roman history enthusiasts.
- The site is accessible to wheelchairs and strollers.
- There are restrooms and a bookshop at the site.
How to Get There
The Baths of Caracalla archaeological site is located in south-eastern Rome, within walking distance from the Circo Massimo metro station that connects with the main Termini train station.
When to Get There
The archaeological site is largely open-air, so visit when the weather is clear and not too hot. In summer, arrive first thing in the morning or in the late afternoon to avoid the midday sun.
The Politics of the Baths
The Baths of Caracalla was constructed by the notoriously spiteful Emperor Caracalla as part of a political propaganda campaign. Because the extravagant complex was open to all Roman citizens and completely free of charge, it eventually helped improve the emperor’s popularity among the public.
Address: Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Roma, Italy
Admission: Varies
From $ 31
Basilica of Santa Maria Novella
Santa Maria Novella is one of Florence’s most beautiful and—as the city’s first basilica—most important churches. With a striking Gothic-Renaissance facade, interior chapels housing artistic masterpieces, and Dominican cloisters, the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella is one of the main sights in Tuscany’s capital city.
The Basics
The basilica’s unique green-and-white geometric marble facade, designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the 15th century, immediately draws the eye. Yet the most important art decorates the church’s central nave and a number of chapels inside, most famously the Filippo Strozzi Chapel, the Spanish Chapel, and the Tornabuoni Chapel. Highlights include Masaccio’s Holy Trinity, a crucifix by Giotto, Domenico Ghirlandaio’s Birth of the Virgin Mary, and works by masters like Botticelli, Filippino Lippi, Brunelleschi, Nardo di Cione, and Michelangelo. Adjacent to the church, the Green Cloister was built for the resident Dominican Friars in the 14th century and decorated with frescoes by Paolo Uccello.
With its wealth of architecture and art, the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella is as much a museum as it is a church, and is best visited with an expert guide to fully appreciate its importance. Walking tours of the historic center can include the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella with other Florentine landmarks like the Duomo and Uffizi Gallery.
Things to Know Before You Go
- Like most Italian churches, the basilica requires modest clothing covering shoulders and knees to enter.
- No flash photography or videos are allowed inside the church.
- Piazza Santa Maria Novella in front of the basilica is lined with restaurants and cafés, perfect for a quick bite before or after visiting the church.
- The basilica is accessible to wheelchair users.
How to Get There
The basilica is located on Piazza di Santa Maria Novella in the historic center of Florence, just across the street from the main Firenze Santa Maria Novella train station.
When to Get There
Florence is one of the most visited cities in Italy, and its sights can be very crowded in the summer. To enjoy the basilica and other sights in relative peace, schedule a visit for spring or fall.
Officina Profumo Farmaceutica
Officina Profumo Farmaceutica, part of the Santa Maria Novella complex, was founded by Dominican Friars around 1221 and is one of the oldest pharmacies in the world. The shop still produces perfumes and natural body products, which you can purchase in the ornate historic sales rooms.
Address: Piazza di Santa Maria Novella, 18, Florence, Italy
From $ 27
Basilica di Santo Stefano
Only four churches of the original seven that once made up this stylistic jumble of buildings remain, but a visit to the Bologna’s Basilica di Santo Stefano is still a fascinating stroll through centuries of religious architecture. With winding passageways linking chapels and cloisters, this is one of the city’s most captivating churches.
The Basics
The Basilica of Santo Stefano (known locally as the Sette Chiese, or Seven Churches), set on the large, triangular Piazza di Santo Stefano, is among Bologna’s top attractions, and a highlight of any city walking, bike, or Segway tour. Visitors enter the 11th-century Chiesa del Crocifisso, where the remains of Bologna’s patron saint, St. Petronius, lay until it was moved to the Basilica di San Petronio in 2000. The route then passes through a maze of pretty courtyards to the Chiesa del Santo Sepolcro, the Chiesa della Trinitá, and the Chiesa Santi Vitale e Agricola, Bologna’s oldest church, which was constructed with fragments of pilfered Roman flooring and masonry. The complex also houses a museum with a collection of religious paintings, sculptures, and other artifacts. In addition to the Basilica of Santo Stefano, guided tours of Bologna generally include other famous landmarks, including Piazza Maggiore and the Basilica of San Petronio, the Two Towers, and the Church of San Domenico.
Things to Know Before You Go
- Basilica visitors are required to wear modest attire that covers their shoulders and knees.
- Photography without flash is allowed inside.
- Parts of the complex have uneven flooring and low steps, and may not be accessible to wheelchair users.
- A visit to the basilica complex is especially interesting for architecture enthusiasts.
How to Get There
The basilica is located in the center of Bologna’s historic center, just a short walk east from Piazza Maggiore and the Two Towers.
When to Get There
Bologna is notoriously hot in the summer and blustery in winter, which is why the city is home to miles of covered porticoes. A visit to the basilica is the perfect respite from the heat and cold, especially since it stays open all day.
The Legend of the Courtyard of Pontius Pilate
Sandwiched between the Chiesa del Santo Sepolcro and the Chiesa della Trinità, the quiet Courtyard of Pontius Pilate (Cortile di Pilato) gets its name from the central marble basin, said to be where Pontius Pilate washed his hands after condemning Christ to death. Studies have shown that the basin is a Lombard work dating from the 8th century, but the courtyard’s name has stuck.
Address: Via Santo Stefano, Bologna 40125, Italy
Admission: Free
From $ 44
Bell Tower and Astronomical Clock (Orologio Astronomico)
Each day at noon, a crowd gathers beneath the bell tower of Messina’s Cathedral to watch as the gilded statues on the astronomical clock seem to come to life. As the bells chime, the lion roars, the rooster crows, statues strike the hour, and mechanical figures replay biblical and allegorical scenes. It's a spectacle no tourist should miss.
The Basics
The Cathedral’s original 200-foot (61-meter) bell tower was built in the late 16th century, but after being destroyed by an earthquake, it was rebuilt and, in 1933, an astronomical clock was added. Designed by the firm Ungerer of Strasbourg, it is said to be the largest and most complex mechanical and astronomical clock in the world.
One of the biggest draws in Messina, the 12-minute show is a highlight of any Messina city tour. In addition to watching the midday spectacle, you can also visit the inside of the bell tower, climbing the staircase to see the bronze statues up close and the complex internal mechanism of weights and gears behind their movements. At the top, take in the beautiful view over the city of Messina and the strait between the island of Sicily and Italy’s mainland.
Things to Know Before You Go
- The bell tower is closed to visitors inside when it rains.
- Due to small spaces and steep stairs, the clock tower is not accessible to wheelchair users; the square below is accessible to watch to the noon show.
- Walking tours of Messina involve a significant amount of time on your feet, so choose comfortable shoes and clothing.
How to Get There
The bell tower and astronomical clock are located adjacent Messina’s Cathedral (Duomo di Messina) in Piazza del Duomo in the historic center of the city, an easy walk from the ferry terminal or train station.
When to Get There
The opening hours of the bell tower are very complex and change almost weekly. Check times carefully if you want to climb to the top to avoid disappointment.
The Clock Tower Features
At the top of the tower, there are mechanical clock faces on all four sides. Down one side are the perpetual calendar, mechanisms to track the phases of the moon, and the planetary movements; down the front are the numerous gilded statues that move each day as the clock strikes midday.
Address: Piazza Duomo, Messina, Sicily, Italy
Admission: Varies
From $ 22
Basilica of San Lorenzo
The Basilica of San Lorenzo is one of the most important Renaissance churches in Florence. Commissioned by the powerful Medici family and designed by Brunelleschi, it is home to magnificent sculptural and architectural works by Michelangelo, including the Medici Chapels (Cappelle Medicee) and the Laurentian Library.
The Basics
The Medicis had the Basilica of San Lorenzo constructed in the 15th century on the site of an older Romanesque church to house family tombs, located in the New Sacristy and decorated by Michelangelo’s monumental statues depicting the reclining figures of Night and Day and Dawn and Dusk. The church is part of a larger complex that also includes Brunelleschi’s Old Sacristy with sculptures by Donatello; the Laurentian Library, with a monumental carved staircase leading to the reading room where even the desks were designed by Michelangelo; the cloister, crypts, and treasury; and the Chapel of Princes by Matteo Nigetti.
The Medici Chapels inside the basilica are among the most popular attractions in Florence, so book a tour that includes skip-the-line entrance to avoid long lines. Many Florence sightseeing walking or Segway tours also visit highlights such as the Uffizi Gallery, Accademia Gallery (Galleria dell'Accademia), and Piazzale Michelangelo.
Things to Know Before You Go
- To enter the church, you must wear clothing that covers your shoulders and knees.
- Large bags and backpacks must be left at the free coat check at the entrance.
- Tickets to the Basilica of San Lorenzo complex include entrance to the Medici Chapel Museum, Medici and Lorenese crypts, Cannon’s Cloister, and Basilica Treasury.
- The Laurentian Library is only open to the public when a special exhibition is being held, and tickets must be purchased separately.
- There is wheelchair access to the ground-floor church and cloister and the chapels above.
How to Get There
The Basilica of San Lorenzo is located on Piazza San Lorenzo, just a few minutes’ walk north of Florence Cathedral (Duomo) or east of the Santa Maria Novella train station.
When to Get There
The San Lorenzo Basilica complex is crowded with visitors touring the Medici Chapels during summer; visit in spring or fall for fewer tourists. If visiting Florence on a Sunday or Monday, note that the chapels are closed on the second and fourth Sunday and the first, third, and fifth Monday of every month.
Michelangelo’s Unfinished Facade
The Basilica of San Lorenzo was built by Filippo Brunelleschi in 1419, his first project in Florence and a masterpiece of Renaissance interiors. The rough exterior was meant to be covered by a spectacular facade designed by Michelangelo, but lack of funds and other complications left the church unfinished outside. To see what the facade would have looked like had it been completed, view the scale model in the Casa Buonarroti museum.
Address: Piazza di San Lorenzo, 9, Florence, Tuscany 50123, Italy
Admission: Varies
From $ 3
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
Once the largest basilica in the world, the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls is one of four papal basilicas in Rome and among the city’s most important Christian sites. Presumed to be set over the tomb of St. Paul, the church has a striking interior decorated with 80 columns and extensive mosaics.
The Basics
As a papal basilica, the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls (San Paolo Fuori Le Mura) belongs to the Vatican—though is not located within the confines of Vatican City—and plays an important role in Catholic jubilee celebrations. In addition to the 19th-century church with its magnificent Gothic baldachin by Arnolfo di Cambio, the complex has a beautiful 13th-century Romanesque cloister built by the Vassalletto family, and an art gallery with some of the works that once decorated the basilica.
The Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls is a highlight of guided tours of Rome’s major basilicas and early-Christian holy sites, along with St. Peter’s Basilica, Saint John Lateran, and Santa Maria Maggiore.
Things to Know Before You Go
- If taking a Christian Rome walking tour, wear comfortable shoes and sun protection, as there is a lot of ground to cover.
- Catholic churches have a strict dress code, so wear clothing that covers knees and shoulders.
- Photography without flash is permitted inside the church.
- The basilica, cloister, and art gallery are fully accessible to wheelchairs and strollers.
How to Get There
Rome’s Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls is located on Via Ostiense, just a short walk from the San Paolo Basilica stop on metro line B.
When to Get There
St. Paul Outside the Walls is one of Italy’s most important Catholic churches, and attracts the most visitors around Easter and Christmas, and on jubilee years.
Papal Portraits
Above the arches that divide the naves at Saint Paul Outside the Walls, there is a row of mosaic medallions depicting each pope from Saint Peter to Pope Francis—the only portrait illuminated, which signifies Francis’ role as the current leader of the Catholic Church.
Address: Via Ostiense 186, Rome, Italy
From $ 70
Bioparco
Yes, Rome has a zoo. It is a zoological garden with more than 1,000 animals located on the original site of the Villa Borghese. Open since 1911, it began as a place to collect and display animals in danger of extinction. Paths winding through the park allow visitors to observe lions, elephants, tigers, monkeys, and giraffes, among others. There is also a small barnyard area with goats, pigs, cows, and other livestock. Most notably the bio-park is home to a rare Kleinmann’s tortoise, which was rescued from a smuggler's suitcase in 2005.
Bioparco has been renovated and renamed from its original construction to illustrate its commitment to ecological practices and scientific knowledge. There is a small lake with seating to relax as well as a children’s area. All in all there are more than 200 species on the 17 hectares of zoo land here. It is one of Europe’s oldest zoos still in operation.
Practical Info
Bioparco is located on Viale del Giardino Zoologico at the Villa Borghese estate. It is easily accessed on foot from the Spanish Steps or Piazza del Popolo. The nearest metro stop is Spagna. Open from 9:30 am to 5 pm, it costs 15 euros to enter.
Address: Viale del Giardino Zoologico, 20, Roma, Italy
Hours: Open daily from 9:30 am - 5 pm. Extended hours to 6 or 7 pm during summer months.
Admission: 15 EUR for adults, 12 EUR for children
From $ 45
Bologna University Quarter
Bologna is home to the oldest university in Europe, and the city owes much of its youthful vibrancy and thriving cultural life to the formidable student population, concentrated in the lively University Quarter. Tour this area to discover its cache of cafes and clubs, along with fascinating historic museums and university buildings.
The Basics
Bologna’s university was established in 1088, and has hosted some of Europe’s finest minds over the centuries, including Renaissance scholars Mirandola and Alberti, astronomer Copernicus, and the artists Durer and Borromeo. The university houses a number of museums, including an Anatomy Museum, Herbarium, Physics Museum, Museum of Anthropology, Wax Museum, Museum of Zoology, and the excellent Astronomy Museum. Most are located inside the elegantly frescoed Palazzo Poggi, the university’s seat after 1803. The University Quarter is one of Bologna’s most fascinating neighborhoods, and it’s a highlight of any city walking or bike tours. Combine a visit to the University Quarter with a tour of Bologna’s historic center to visit top sights like Piazza Maggiore, the Basilica di San Petronio, and the Two Towers.
Things to Know Before You Go
- A tour of the University Quarter requires some walking, so wear comfortable shoes and dress for the weather.
- Kids especially enjoy the eclectic museums and informal atmosphere in this area.
- Some university museums aren’t wheelchair accessible; confirm in advance.
- The area is thick with cafés and restaurants, perfect for a quick snack or meal.
How to Get There
The University Quarter centers around Via Zamboni, a 10- to 15-minute walk east of Bologna’s historic center. You can easily reach the area on foot from the Bologna Centrale train station or Piazza Maggiore in the city center.
When to Get There
This student-dominated neighborhood is especially vibrant during the academic year, which runs from October through May.
Highlights of Bologna’s University Quarter
Palazzo Poggi is the heart of Bologna’s university, but there are a number of historic buildings linked to the university. The Collegio di Spagna and the Collegio dei Fiamminghi Jean Jacobs are testimony to the various colleges that once housed students from across Europe. Next to the churches of San Francesco and San Domenico, the Glossators’ Tombs demonstrate the social prestige university professors historically held; the Museo Medievale holds a collection of depictions of professors with students from centuries ago. In front of the Church of Santa Maria della Vita, the arcades of the Ospedale della Morte is where students of medicine would find corpses to study anatomy in the Palazzo dell'Archiginnasio next door. Finally, the Biblioteca Universitaria has been a public library since 1756.
Address: Via Zamboni, Bologna 40126, Italy
Admission: Free
From $ 83